Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 0

Electricity only flows when it has a complete loop to go round, from the battery, through the bulb and back again; that loop is called a circuit.

Who acts: Electricity · What happens: flow, have, go round, call · To what, where: complete loop, battery, loop · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electricity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flows	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 flows	advmod
3	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 has	advmod
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 has	nsubj
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 flows	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 loop	det
8	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 loop	amod
9	loop	loop	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 go	mark
11	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 loop	acl
12	round	round	ADV	_	11 go	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 battery	punct
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 battery	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 battery	det
16	battery	battery	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 go	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 bulb	punct
18	through	through	ADP	_	20 bulb	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 bulb	det
20	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 go	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 again	cc
22	back	back	ADV	_	23 again	advmod
23	again	again	ADV	_	6 has	conj
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 called	punct
25	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	26 loop	det
26	loop	loop	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 called	nsubj:pass
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 called	aux:pass
28	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 flows	parataxis
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 circuit	det
30	circuit	circuit	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 called	xcomp
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 flows	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	flow	present	Electricity				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have	present	Electricity	a complete loop			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loop=Patient
3	go round	to-infinitive	Electricity not said here	a complete loop not said here	the battery	through the bulb; round property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from battery=Initial_Location through bulb=Destination
4	call	present · passive		that loop			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/0/