Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 1
Push the switch on a torch and you close a gap in the loop, so the bulb lights; push it again and the gap opens, and the light goes out at once.
Who acts: you, bulb, gap, light · What happens: push, close, light, open, go out · To what, where: switch, torch, gap, bulb
This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, bulb, gap, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Push | push | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 switch | det |
| 3 | switch | switch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Push | obj |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 torch | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 torch | det |
| 6 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Push | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 close | cc |
| 8 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 close | nsubj |
| 9 | close | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Push | conj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 gap | det |
| 11 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 close | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 loop | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 loop | det |
| 14 | loop | loop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 close | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 push | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 19 lights | advmod |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 bulb | det |
| 18 | bulb | bulb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 lights | nsubj |
| 19 | lights | light | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Push | parataxis |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 push | punct |
| 21 | push | push | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Push | parataxis |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 push | obj |
| 23 | again | again | ADV | _ | 21 push | advmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 opens | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 gap | det |
| 26 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 opens | nsubj |
| 27 | opens | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 push | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 goes | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 goes | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 light | det |
| 31 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 goes | nsubj |
| 32 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 opens | conj |
| 33 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 goes | compound:prt |
| 34 | at | at | ADP | _ | 35 once | case |
| 35 | once | once | ADV | _ | 32 goes | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Push | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | push | imperative | you not said here | the switch | a torch | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent switch=Theme on torch=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | close | present | you | a gap | in the loop | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent gap=Patient in loop=Topic | |||
| 3 | light | present | the bulb | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | push | infinitive | bulb | again | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | open | present | the gap | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | go out | present | the light | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/1/