Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 2
A battery does not hold a tankful of electricity: it holds chemicals that push electricity round the loop, and when those chemicals are used up the battery is flat.
Who acts: battery, chemicals · What happens: not hold, hold, push, use up, be · To what, where: tankful, chemicals, electricity, loop
This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battery, chemicals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 battery | det |
| 2 | battery | battery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hold | nsubj |
| 3 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hold | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 hold | advmod |
| 5 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 tankful | det |
| 7 | tankful | tankful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hold | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 electricity | case |
| 9 | electricity | electricity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tankful | nmod |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 holds | punct |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 holds | nsubj |
| 12 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hold | parataxis |
| 13 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 holds | obj |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 push | nsubj |
| 15 | push | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 chemicals | acl:relcl |
| 16 | electricity | electricity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 push | obj |
| 17 | round | round | ADP | _ | 19 loop | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 loop | det |
| 19 | loop | loop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 push | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 used | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 used | cc |
| 22 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 26 used | advmod |
| 23 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 24 chemicals | det |
| 24 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 used | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 used | aux:pass |
| 26 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 holds | conj |
| 27 | up | up | ADP | _ | 26 used | compound:prt |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 battery | det |
| 29 | battery | battery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 flat | nsubj |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 flat | cop |
| 31 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 used | parataxis |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not hold | present · do-support | a battery | a tankful of electricity | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tankful=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hold | present | battery | chemicals | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemical=Theme | ||||
| 3 | push | present | chemicals | electricity | the loop | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme round loop=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | use up | present · passive | that chemicals | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 5 | is | present | the battery | flat property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/2/