Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 4

When electricity squeezes through a thin wire it heats it up; that is how an old bulb glows, how a toaster browns bread, and why a charger feels warm.

Who acts: electricity, that, old bulb, toaster, charger · What happens: squeeze, heat up, be, glow, brown, feel · To what, where: thin wire, wire, bread

This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (electricity, that, old bulb, toaster), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 squeezes	advmod
2	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 squeezes	nsubj
3	squeezes	squeeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 heats	advcl
4	through	through	ADP	_	7 wire	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 wire	det
6	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 wire	amod
7	wire	wire	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 squeezes	obl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 heats	nsubj
9	heats	heat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 heats	obj
11	up	up	ADP	_	9 heats	compound:prt
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 how	punct
13	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 how	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 how	cop
15	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	9 heats	conj
16	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 bulb	det
17	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 bulb	amod
18	bulb	bulb	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 glows	nsubj
19	glows	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 how	acl:relcl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 browns	punct
21	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	24 browns	advmod
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 toaster	det
23	toaster	toaster	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 browns	nsubj
24	browns	brown	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 glows	conj
25	bread	bread	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 browns	obj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 feels	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 feels	cc
28	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	31 feels	advmod
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 charger	det
30	charger	charger	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 feels	nsubj
31	feels	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 how	conj
32	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 feels	xcomp
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 heats	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	squeeze	present	electricity		a thin wire		vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through wire=Trajectory
2	heat up	present	Electricity	wire			vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument it=Patient
3	is	present	that			how property	tree rules
4	glow	present	a old bulb				vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	brown	present	a toaster	bread			vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument bread=Patient
6	feel	present	a charger			warm property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/4/