Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 5
Electricity flows only round a complete loop called a circuit; a switch opens or closes a gap in that loop.
Who acts: Electricity, complete loop, switch · What happens: flow, call, open, close · To what, where: circuit, gap · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electricity, complete loop, switch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Electricity | electricity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 flows | nsubj |
| 2 | flows | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 7 loop | advmod |
| 4 | round | round | ADP | _ | 7 loop | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 loop | det |
| 6 | complete | complete | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 loop | amod |
| 7 | loop | loop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 flows | obl |
| 8 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 loop | acl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 circuit | det |
| 10 | circuit | circuit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 called | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 opens | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 switch | det |
| 13 | switch | switch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 opens | nsubj |
| 14 | opens | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 flows | parataxis |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 closes | cc |
| 16 | closes | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 opens | conj |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 gap | det |
| 18 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 closes | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 loop | case |
| 20 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 loop | det |
| 21 | loop | loop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gap | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 flows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flow | present | Electricity | round a complete loop | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | a complete loop not said here | a circuit | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent circuit=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | open | present | a switch | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | close | present | a switch not said here | a gap | in that loop | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent gap=Patient in loop=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/5/