Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows, sentence 11
Modern LED bulbs waste much less energy as heat than old bulbs with a glowing wire.
Who acts: Modern LED bulbs · What happens: waste, glow · To what, where: less energy
This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries, circuits and how electricity flows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Modern LED bulbs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 bulbs | amod |
| 2 | LED | led | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bulbs | compound |
| 3 | bulbs | bulb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 waste | nsubj |
| 4 | waste | waste | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | much | much | ADV | _ | 6 less | advmod |
| 6 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 energy | amod |
| 7 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 waste | obj |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 heat | case |
| 9 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 waste | obl |
| 10 | than | than | ADP | _ | 12 bulbs | case |
| 11 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 bulbs | amod |
| 12 | bulbs | bulb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 waste | obl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 wire | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 wire | det |
| 15 | glowing | glow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 wire | amod |
| 16 | wire | wire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bulbs | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 waste | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | waste | present | Modern LED bulbs | less energy | as heat; than old bulbs with a glowing wire | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent energy=Duration as heat=Attribute | |||
| 2 | glow | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:027-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/27-batteries-circuits-and-how-electricity-flows/11/