Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely, sentence 14

The foam in a bike helmet crushes in a crash and slows the head more gently, so a helmet that has had a big knock should be replaced.

Who acts: foam, helmet · What happens: crush, slow, have, replace · To what, where: crash, head, big knock, helmet

This is a sentence of the lesson «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foam, helmet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 foam	det
2	foam	foam	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 crushes	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 helmet	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 helmet	det
5	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 helmet	compound
6	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 foam	nmod
7	crushes	crush	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 crash	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 crash	det
10	crash	crash	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 crushes	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 slows	cc
12	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 crushes	conj
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 head	det
14	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 slows	obj
15	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	16 gently	advmod
16	gently	gently	ADV	_	12 slows	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 slows	punct
18	so	so	ADV	_	29 replaced	advmod
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 helmet	det
20	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 replaced	nsubj:pass
21	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 had	nsubj
22	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 had	aux
23	had	have	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	20 helmet	acl:relcl
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 knock	det
25	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 knock	amod
26	knock	knock	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 had	obj
27	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	29 replaced	aux
28	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	29 replaced	aux:pass
29	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 slows	parataxis
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 crushes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	crush	present	the foam in a bike helmet		a crash		vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	slow	present	the foam in a bike helmet not said here	the head		gently property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent head=Patient
3	have	present · perfect	a helmet	a big knock			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knock=Patient
4	replace	should · passive		a helmet			vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:003-parachutes-and-falling-safely.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/14/