Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely, sentence 15

A penny dropped from a skyscraper is flat, light and tumbles, so air slows it to a speed that would sting but not seriously hurt.

Who acts: penny, air, speed · What happens: drop, be, tumble, slow, sting, not hurt · To what, where: penny, skyscraper

This is a sentence of the lesson «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (penny, air, speed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 penny	det
2	penny	penny	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 flat	nsubj
3	dropped	drop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 penny	acl
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 skyscraper	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 skyscraper	det
6	skyscraper	skyscraper	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dropped	obl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 flat	cop
8	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 light	punct
10	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 flat	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 tumbles	cc
12	tumbles	tumble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 flat	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 slows	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	16 slows	advmod
15	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 slows	nsubj
16	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 flat	parataxis
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 slows	obj
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 speed	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 speed	det
20	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 slows	obl
21	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 sting	nsubj
22	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 sting	aux
23	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 speed	acl:relcl
24	but	but	CCONJ	_	27 hurt	cc
25	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 hurt	advmod
26	seriously	seriously	ADV	_	27 hurt	advmod
27	hurt	hurt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 sting	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 flat	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	drop	participle		a penny not said here	a skyscraper		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from skyscraper=Trajectory
2	is	present	a penny			flat property	tree rules
3	be		a penny not said here				tree rules
4	tumble	present	a penny not said here				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
5	slow	present	air	penny		to a speed	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient
6	sting	would	a speed				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
7	not hurt	infinitive	a speed not said here			seriously property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:003-parachutes-and-falling-safely.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/15/