Energy: what makes things happen, sentence 9
Plants catch sunlight to make their food, and animals eat plants, so the energy in your breakfast started as sunlight.
Who acts: Plants, animals, energy · What happens: catch, make, eat, start · To what, where: sunlight, food, plants
This is a sentence of the lesson «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plants, animals, energy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 catch | nsubj |
| 2 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 catch | obj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 make | mark |
| 5 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 catch | advcl |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 food | nmod:poss |
| 7 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 make | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 eat | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 eat | cc |
| 10 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 eat | nsubj |
| 11 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 catch | conj |
| 12 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 eat | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 started | punct |
| 14 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 started | advmod |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 energy | det |
| 16 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 started | nsubj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 breakfast | case |
| 18 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 breakfast | nmod:poss |
| 19 | breakfast | breakfast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 energy | nmod |
| 20 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 catch | advcl |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 sunlight | case |
| 22 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 started | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 catch | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | catch | present | Plants | sunlight | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | Plants not said here | plants's food | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Product | ||||
| 3 | eat | present | animals | plants | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient | ||||
| 4 | start | past | the energy in your breakfast | as sunlight | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:031-energy-what-makes-things-happen.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/9/