Fuels, the Sun and saving energy, sentence 14

A petrol engine wastes much of its fuel as heat, which is why a car needs a radiator; electric motors waste much less.

Who acts: petrol engine, heat, car, electric motors · What happens: waste, be, need · To what, where: much, radiator, less

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fuels, the Sun and saving energy» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (petrol engine, heat, car, electric motors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 engine	det
2	petrol	petrol	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 engine	compound
3	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wastes	nsubj
4	wastes	waste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 wastes	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 fuel	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 fuel	nmod:poss
8	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 much	nmod
9	as	as	ADP	_	10 heat	case
10	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wastes	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 why	punct
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 why	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 why	cop
14	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	10 heat	acl:relcl
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 car	det
16	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 needs	nsubj
17	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 why	advcl
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 radiator	det
19	radiator	radiator	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 needs	obj
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 waste	punct
21	electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 motors	amod
22	motors	motor	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 waste	nsubj
23	waste	waste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 wastes	parataxis
24	much	much	ADV	_	25 less	advmod
25	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 waste	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 wastes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	waste	present	a petrol engine	much of engine's fuel	as heat	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent much=Duration as heat=Attribute
2	is	present	heat		why property	tree rules
3	need	present	a car	a radiator		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot radiator=Theme
4	waste	present	electric motors	less		vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:032-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/32-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy/14/