Fuels, the Sun and saving energy, sentence 2
Coal, oil and gas power stations burn fuel to boil water into steam that spins turbines, but these fossil fuels took millions of years to form, will run out, and put carbon dioxide into the air, which warms the planet.
Who acts: Coal oil power stations, steam, fossil fuels, air · What happens: burn, boil, spin, take, form, run out · To what, where: fuel, water, steam, turbines, millions, carbon dioxide
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fuels, the Sun and saving energy» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Coal oil power stations, steam, fossil fuels, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stations | compound |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 stations | punct |
| 3 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stations | compound |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 gas | cc |
| 5 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 oil | conj |
| 6 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stations | compound |
| 7 | stations | station | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 burn | nsubj |
| 8 | burn | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 burn | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 boil | mark |
| 11 | boil | boil | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 burn | advcl |
| 12 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 boil | obj |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 steam | case |
| 14 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 boil | obl |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 spins | nsubj |
| 16 | spins | spin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 steam | acl:relcl |
| 17 | turbines | turbine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 spins | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 took | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 took | cc |
| 20 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 22 fuels | det |
| 21 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 fuels | compound |
| 22 | fuels | fuel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 took | nsubj |
| 23 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 burn | conj |
| 24 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 took | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 years | case |
| 26 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 millions | nmod |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 form | mark |
| 28 | form | form | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 years | acl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 run | punct |
| 30 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 run | aux |
| 31 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 burn | conj |
| 32 | out | out | ADP | _ | 31 run | compound:prt |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 put | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 put | cc |
| 35 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 run | conj |
| 36 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dioxide | compound |
| 37 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 put | obj |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 air | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 air | det |
| 40 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 put | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 warms | punct |
| 42 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 warms | nsubj |
| 43 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 air | acl:relcl |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 planet | det |
| 45 | planet | planet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 warms | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 burn | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burn | present | Coal oil power stations | fuel | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme | ||||
| 2 | boil | to-infinitive | Coal oil power stations not said here | water | into steam result | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent water=Patient into steam=Result | |||
| 3 | spin | present | steam | turbines | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent turbine=Theme | ||||
| 4 | take | past | this fossil fuels | millions of years | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme | ||||
| 5 | form | to-infinitive | this fossil fuels not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | run out | future | Coal oil power stations not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | put | infinitive | Coal oil power stations not said here | carbon dioxide | the air | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Goal | |||
| 8 | warm | present | the air | the planet | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent planet=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:032-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/32-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy/2/