Fuels, the Sun and saving energy, sentence 9
Fossil fuels took millions of years to form and are being used much faster, so one day they will run out.
Who acts: Fossil fuels, millions · What happens: take, form, use, run out · To what, where: millions
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fuels, the Sun and saving energy» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fossil fuels, millions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fuels | compound |
| 2 | fuels | fuel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 took | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 years | case |
| 6 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 millions | nmod |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 form | mark |
| 8 | form | form | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 took | advcl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 used | cc |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 used | aux:pass |
| 11 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 used | aux:pass |
| 12 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 took | conj |
| 13 | much | much | ADV | _ | 14 faster | advmod |
| 14 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 used | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 run | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 run | advmod |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 day | nummod |
| 18 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 run | obl:unmarked |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 run | nsubj |
| 20 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 run | aux |
| 21 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 took | parataxis |
| 22 | out | out | ADP | _ | 21 run | compound:prt |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Fossil fuels | millions of years | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme | ||||
| 2 | form | to-infinitive | Fossil fuels not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | use | present · passive | Fossil fuels not said here | fast property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» | ||||
| 4 | run out | future | millions = million | day | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:032-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/32-fuels-the-sun-and-saving-energy/9/