Pulleys, gears and big machines, sentence 2
Gears are toothed wheels that turn each other: a small gear driving a big one turns it slowly with a strong twist, a big one driving a small one spins it fast, and two gears side by side always turn opposite ways.
Who acts: Gears, toothed wheels, small gear, big one, two gears · What happens: be, turn, drive, spin · To what, where: toothed wheels, each, big one, wheel, small one, opposite ways
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gears, toothed wheels, small gear, big one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gears | gear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 wheels | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 wheels | cop |
| 3 | toothed | toothed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 wheels | amod |
| 4 | wheels | wheel | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 turn | nsubj |
| 6 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 wheels | acl:relcl |
| 7 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 6 turn | obj |
| 8 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 each | fixed |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 turns | punct |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 gear | det |
| 11 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 gear | amod |
| 12 | gear | gear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 turns | nsubj |
| 13 | driving | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 gear | acl |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 one | det |
| 15 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 one | amod |
| 16 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 driving | obj |
| 17 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 wheels | parataxis |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 turns | obj |
| 19 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 17 turns | advmod |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 twist | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 twist | det |
| 22 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 twist | amod |
| 23 | twist | twist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 turns | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 spins | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 one | det |
| 26 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 one | amod |
| 27 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 spins | nsubj |
| 28 | driving | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 one | acl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 one | det |
| 30 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 one | amod |
| 31 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 driving | obj |
| 32 | spins | spin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 turns | conj |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 spins | obj |
| 34 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 spins | advmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 turn | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 turn | cc |
| 37 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 38 gears | nummod |
| 38 | gears | gear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 turn | nsubj |
| 39 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 gears | flat |
| 40 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 side | case |
| 41 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 side | nmod |
| 42 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 43 turn | advmod |
| 43 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 wheels | conj |
| 44 | opposite | opposite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 ways | amod |
| 45 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 turn | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 wheels | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Gears | toothed wheels | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | turn | present | toothed wheels | each | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent each=Theme | ||||
| 3 | drive | gerund | a small gear not said here | a big one | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme one=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | turn | present | a small gear | wheel | with a strong twist; slowly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 5 | drive | gerund | a big one not said here | a small one | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme one=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | spin | present | a big one | wheel | fast property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 7 | turn | present | two gears | opposite ways | always property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent way=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/2/