Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe, sentence 15

A fast train can need over a kilometre to stop, because it is very heavy and steel wheels on steel rails have little grip; that is why level crossings have barriers.

Who acts: fast train, train, wheels, that, level crossings · What happens: need, stop, be, have · To what, where: kilometre, little grip, barriers

This is a sentence of the lesson «Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fast train, train, wheels, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 train	det
2	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 train	amod
3	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 need	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 need	aux
5	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	over	over	ADV	_	8 kilometre	advmod
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 kilometre	det
8	kilometre	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 need	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 stop	mark
10	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 need	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 heavy	punct
12	because	because	SCONJ	_	16 heavy	mark
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 heavy	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 heavy	cop
15	very	very	ADV	_	16 heavy	advmod
16	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 need	advcl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 steel	cc
18	steel	steel	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 heavy	conj
19	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 have	nsubj
20	on	on	ADP	_	22 rails	case
21	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 rails	compound
22	rails	rail	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 wheels	nmod
23	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 heavy	conj
24	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 grip	amod
25	grip	grip	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 have	obj
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	5 need	punct
27	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	29 why	nsubj
28	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 why	cop
29	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	32 have	advmod
30	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 crossings	compound
31	crossings	crossing	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 have	nsubj
32	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 need	parataxis
33	barriers	barrier	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 have	obj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 need	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	need	can	a fast train	a kilometre		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot kilometre=Theme
2	stop	to-infinitive	a fast train not said here			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	is	present	train		heavy property	tree rules
4	be		train not said here			tree rules
5	have	present	wheels on steel rails	little grip		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grip=Patient
6	is	present	that		why property	tree rules
7	have	present	level crossings	barriers		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barrier=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:037-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/37-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe/15/