Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop, sentence 2

Nothing stops "by itself": a rolling ball slows down because the grass and the air keep pushing against it a little.

Who acts: Nothing, rolling ball, grass · What happens: stop, roll, slow down, keep, push · To what, where: little

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nothing, rolling ball, grass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 stops	nsubj
2	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 itself	punct
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 itself	case
5	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	2 stops	obl
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	5 itself	punct
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 slows	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ball	det
9	rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 ball	amod
10	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 slows	nsubj
11	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 stops	parataxis
12	down	down	ADP	_	11 slows	compound:prt
13	because	because	SCONJ	_	19 keep	mark
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 grass	det
15	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 keep	nsubj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 air	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 air	det
18	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 grass	conj
19	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 slows	advcl
20	pushing	push	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 keep	xcomp
21	against	against	ADP	_	22 it	case
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 pushing	obl
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 little	det
24	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 pushing	obl:unmarked
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stops	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Nothing		by kick	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	roll	gerund				vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	slow down	present	a rolling ball			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	keep	present	the grass and the air			tree rules
5	push	gerund	the grass and the air not said here	a little	against kick	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent against it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:004-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/2/