Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop, sentence 3

Forces come in pairs: stand on a skateboard and throw a heavy ball forward, and the ball pushes you backwards just as hard.

Who acts: Forces, ball · What happens: come, stand, throw, push · To what, where: pairs, skateboard, heavy ball, you

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Forces, ball), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Forces	force	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 pairs	case
4	pairs	pair	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	obl
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 stand	punct
6	stand	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 come	parataxis
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 skateboard	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 skateboard	det
9	skateboard	skateboard	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stand	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 throw	cc
11	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 stand	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 ball	det
13	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 ball	amod
14	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 throw	obj
15	forward	forward	ADV	_	11 throw	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 pushes	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 pushes	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 ball	det
19	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 pushes	nsubj
20	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 come	conj
21	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	20 pushes	obj
22	backwards	backward	ADV	_	20 pushes	advmod
23	just	just	ADV	_	25 hard	advmod
24	as	as	ADV	_	25 hard	advmod
25	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	20 pushes	advmod
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 come	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	come	present	Forces		pairs		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pair=Location
2	stand	infinitive			a skateboard		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on skateboard=Location
3	throw	infinitive		a heavy ball		forward property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme
4	push	present	the ball	you		backward, hard property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:004-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/3/