Seasons and tides, sentence 1
Shine a torch straight down on the table and the spot is small and bright; tilt it and the spot spreads out bigger and dimmer, and that is why a low winter Sun warms so much less.
Who acts: you, spot, that, winter Sun · What happens: shine, be, tilt, spread out, warm · To what, where: torch, table, spot
This is a sentence of the lesson «Seasons and tides» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, spot, that, winter Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shine | shine | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 torch | det |
| 3 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Shine | obj |
| 4 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 5 down | advmod |
| 5 | down | down | ADV | _ | 1 Shine | advmod |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 table | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 table | det |
| 8 | table | table | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Shine | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 small | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 spot | det |
| 11 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 small | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 small | cop |
| 13 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Shine | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 bright | cc |
| 15 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 small | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 tilt | punct |
| 17 | tilt | tilt | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 Shine | conj |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 tilt | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 spreads | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 spot | det |
| 21 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 spreads | nsubj |
| 22 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 tilt | conj |
| 23 | out | out | ADV | _ | 22 spreads | advmod |
| 24 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 spreads | xcomp |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 dimmer | cc |
| 26 | dimmer | dimmer | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 24 bigger | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 is | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 is | cc |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 30 is | nsubj |
| 30 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Shine | parataxis |
| 31 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 36 warms | advmod |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 Sun | det |
| 33 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 warms | amod |
| 34 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 Sun | compound |
| 35 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 warms | nsubj |
| 36 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 is | ccomp |
| 37 | so | so | ADV | _ | 38 much | advmod |
| 38 | much | much | ADV | _ | 39 less | advmod |
| 39 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 36 warms | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Shine | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shine | imperative | you not said here | a torch | the table | down property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme | ||
| 2 | is | present | the spot | small property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | the spot not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | tilt | infinitive | you not said here | spot | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | spread out | present | the spot | big, out property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | be | present | that | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | warm | present | a winter Sun | less property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:040-seasons-and-tides.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/1/