Seasons and tides, sentence 2

Seasons are not caused by the Earth getting closer to the Sun: the Earth is actually nearest to the Sun in January, in the northern winter, and Australians eat Christmas lunch on the beach.

Who acts: Earth, Australians · What happens: not cause, get, be, eat · To what, where: Seasons, Christmas lunch, beach

This is a sentence of the lesson «Seasons and tides» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Earth, Australians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seasons	season	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 caused	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 caused	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 caused	advmod
4	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 Earth	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Earth	det
7	Earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caused	obl
8	getting	get	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 Earth	acl
9	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 getting	xcomp
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 Sun	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Sun	det
12	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 closer	obl
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	18 nearest	punct
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 Earth	det
15	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 nearest	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 nearest	cop
17	actually	actually	ADV	_	18 nearest	advmod
18	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 caused	parataxis
19	to	to	ADP	_	21 Sun	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 Sun	det
21	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 nearest	obl
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 January	case
23	January	January	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 Sun	nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 winter	punct
25	in	in	ADP	_	28 winter	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 winter	det
27	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 winter	amod
28	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 nearest	obl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 eat	punct
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 eat	cc
31	Australians	Australian	PROPN	Number=Plur	32 eat	nsubj
32	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 caused	conj
33	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 lunch	compound
34	lunch	lunch	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 eat	obj
35	on	on	ADP	_	37 beach	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 beach	det
37	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 eat	obl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 caused	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not cause	present · passive	the Earth	Seasons				vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	get	gerund	the Earth not said here				close property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
3	is	present	the Earth			winter	to the Sun in January; actually, near property	tree rules
4	eat	present	Australians	Christmas lunch	the beach			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:040-seasons-and-tides.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/2/