Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★, sentence 1
Many puzzles hide a race: light arrives almost at once, while sound needs about three seconds for each kilometre, so the gap between the flash and the bang tells you how far away a storm is.
Who acts: Many puzzles, light, sound, gap, storm · What happens: hide, arrive, need, tell, be · To what, where: race, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many puzzles, light, sound, gap), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 puzzles | amod |
| 2 | puzzles | puzzle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hide | nsubj |
| 3 | hide | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 race | det |
| 5 | race | race | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hide | obj |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 arrives | punct |
| 7 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 arrives | nsubj |
| 8 | arrives | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 race | acl:relcl |
| 9 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 11 once | advmod |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 once | case |
| 11 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 8 arrives | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 needs | punct |
| 13 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 15 needs | mark |
| 14 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 needs | nsubj |
| 15 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 arrives | advcl |
| 16 | about | about | ADV | _ | 17 three | advmod |
| 17 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 seconds | nummod |
| 18 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 needs | obj |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 kilometre | case |
| 20 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 kilometre | det |
| 21 | kilometre | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 needs | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 tells | punct |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 tells | advmod |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 gap | det |
| 25 | gap | gap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 tells | nsubj |
| 26 | between | between | ADP | _ | 28 flash | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 flash | det |
| 28 | flash | flash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 gap | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 bang | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 bang | det |
| 31 | bang | bang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 flash | conj |
| 32 | tells | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 hide | parataxis |
| 33 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 tells | iobj |
| 34 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 35 far | advmod |
| 35 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 32 tells | ccomp |
| 36 | away | away | ADV | _ | 35 far | advmod |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 storm | det |
| 38 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 far | nsubj |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 far | cop |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hide | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hide | present | Many puzzles | a race | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Patient | ||||
| 2 | arrive | present | light | a race not said here | once property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | need | present | sound | second | for each kilometre | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | present | the gap between the flash and the bang | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | is | present | a storm | away, far property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:043-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/43-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets/1/