Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★, sentence 10

Light crosses empty space but sound cannot, so astronauts see the Sun but never hear it, and talk to each other by radio.

Who acts: Light, astronauts · What happens: cross, see, not hear, talk · To what, where: empty space, Sun

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Light, astronauts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 crosses	nsubj
2	crosses	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 see	parataxis
3	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 space	amod
4	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 crosses	obj
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 sound	cc
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 space	conj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	2 crosses	conj
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 can	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 not	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 see	advmod
11	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 see	nsubj
12	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Sun	det
14	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 see	obj
15	but	but	CCONJ	_	17 hear	cc
16	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	17 hear	advmod
17	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 see	conj
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 hear	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 talk	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 talk	cc
21	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 see	conj
22	to	to	ADP	_	23 each	case
23	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	21 talk	obl
24	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 each	fixed
25	by	by	ADP	_	26 radio	case
26	radio	radio	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 talk	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 crosses	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cross	present	Light	empty space but sound		vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent space=Patient
2	see	infinitive	astronauts	the Sun		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sun=Stimulus
3	not hear	infinitive	astronauts not said here	Sun		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
4	talk	infinitive	astronauts not said here		to each; by radio	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:043-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/43-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets/10/