Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★, sentence 17
Dirty snow melts faster than clean snow in the Sun, because the dark dirt soaks up sunlight while white snow bounces it away.
Who acts: Dirty snow, dark dirt, white snow · What happens: melt, soak up, bounce away · To what, where: Sun, sunlight
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: sound, light, heat, electricity and magnets ★★★» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dirty snow, dark dirt, white snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 snow | amod |
| 2 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 melts | nsubj |
| 3 | melts | melt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 3 melts | advmod |
| 5 | than | than | ADP | _ | 7 snow | case |
| 6 | clean | clean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 snow | amod |
| 7 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 faster | obl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 Sun | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Sun | det |
| 10 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 melts | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 soaks | punct |
| 12 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 16 soaks | mark |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 dirt | det |
| 14 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 dirt | amod |
| 15 | dirt | dirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 soaks | nsubj |
| 16 | soaks | soak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 melts | advcl |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 soaks | compound:prt |
| 18 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 soaks | obj |
| 19 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 22 bounces | mark |
| 20 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 snow | amod |
| 21 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bounces | nsubj |
| 22 | bounces | bounce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 soaks | advcl |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 bounces | obj |
| 24 | away | away | ADV | _ | 22 bounces | advmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 melts | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | melt | present | Dirty snow | the Sun | fast property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | soak up | present | the dark dirt | sunlight | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent sunlight=Source | ||||
| 3 | bounce away | present | white snow | Sunlight | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:043-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/43-olympiad-sound-light-heat-and-magnets/17/