Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★, sentence 14
A rocket throws hot gas out behind it and the gas pushes the rocket forward, so it does not need air to push on.
Who acts: rocket, gas · What happens: throw out, push, not need, push on · To what, where: hot gas, gas, rocket, air
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: speed, space and seasons ★★★» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rocket, gas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 rocket | det |
| 2 | rocket | rocket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 throws | nsubj |
| 3 | throws | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 gas | amod |
| 5 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 throws | obj |
| 6 | out | out | ADV | _ | 3 throws | advmod |
| 7 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 8 it | case |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 throws | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 pushes | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 gas | det |
| 11 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 pushes | nsubj |
| 12 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 throws | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 rocket | det |
| 14 | rocket | rocket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 pushes | obj |
| 15 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 12 pushes | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 need | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 need | advmod |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 need | nsubj |
| 19 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 need | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 need | advmod |
| 21 | need | need | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 pushes | parataxis |
| 22 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 need | obj |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 push | mark |
| 24 | push | push | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 need | advcl |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 push | compound:prt |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 throws | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw out | present | a rocket | hot gas | gas | out property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent gas=Theme behind it=Destination | ||
| 2 | push | present | the gas | the rocket | forward property | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rocket=Theme | |||
| 3 | not need | present · do-support | gas | air | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot air=Theme | ||||
| 4 | push on | to-infinitive | gas not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:044-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/44-olympiad-speed-space-and-seasons/14/