Pushes and pulls all around us, sentence 13

A horse pulls a cart because the ground pushes the horse forward harder than the cart holds it back, so on a slippery road it struggles.

Who acts: horse, ground, cart · What happens: pull, push, hold back, struggle · To what, where: cart, horse, slippery road

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pushes and pulls all around us» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, ground, cart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 horse	det
2	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	nsubj
3	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cart	det
5	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pulls	obj
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 pushes	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ground	det
8	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pushes	nsubj
9	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pulls	advcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 horse	det
11	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pushes	obj
12	forward	forward	ADV	_	9 pushes	advmod
13	harder	hard	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 pushes	advmod
14	than	than	SCONJ	_	17 holds	mark
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 cart	det
16	cart	cart	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 holds	nsubj
17	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 harder	advcl
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 holds	obj
19	back	back	ADV	_	17 holds	advmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 struggles	punct
21	so	so	ADV	_	27 struggles	advmod
22	on	on	ADP	_	25 road	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 road	det
24	slippery	slippery	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 road	amod
25	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 struggles	obl
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 struggles	nsubj
27	struggles	struggle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pulls	parataxis
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 pulls	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pull	present	a horse	a cart			vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cart=Theme
2	push	present	the ground	the horse		forward, hard property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme
3	hold back	present	the cart	horse			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
4	struggle	present	cart		a slippery road		vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:005-pushes-and-pulls-all-around-us.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/5-pushes-and-pulls-all-around-us/13/