Friction: the grip that stops and helps, sentence 13
A layer of water between tyres and road makes a car skid; this is called aquaplaning, and tyre treads push the water away, so worn-smooth "bald" tyres are dangerous in the rain.
Who acts: layer, tyre treads, smooth bald tyres · What happens: make, call, push away, be · To what, where: car skid, this, water, rain · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (layer, tyre treads, smooth bald tyres), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 layer | det |
| 2 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 makes | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 water | case |
| 4 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 layer | nmod |
| 5 | between | between | ADP | _ | 6 tyres | case |
| 6 | tyres | tyre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 water | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 road | cc |
| 8 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tyres | conj |
| 9 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 skid | det |
| 11 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 skid | compound |
| 12 | skid | skid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 makes | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 called | punct |
| 14 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 called | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 called | aux:pass |
| 16 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 makes | conj |
| 17 | aquaplaning | aquaplane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 called | xcomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 push | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 push | cc |
| 20 | tyre | tyre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 treads | compound |
| 21 | treads | tread | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 push | nsubj |
| 22 | push | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 called | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 water | det |
| 24 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 push | obj |
| 25 | away | away | ADV | _ | 22 push | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 smooth | punct |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 smooth | advmod |
| 28 | worn | worn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 smooth | amod |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 worn | punct |
| 30 | smooth | smooth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 tyres | amod |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 bald | punct |
| 32 | bald | bald | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 tyres | amod |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 bald | punct |
| 34 | tyres | tyre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 dangerous | nsubj |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 dangerous | cop |
| 36 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 makes | parataxis |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 rain | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 rain | det |
| 39 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 dangerous | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 makes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | a layer of water between tyres and road | a car skid | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset skid=Product | ||||
| 2 | call | present · passive | this | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | push away | present | tyre treads | the water | away property | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | present | smooth bald tyres | the rain | dangerous property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:006-friction-the-grip.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/13/