Riding a bike: why it stays up, sentence 10

Cyclists lean into a corner to balance the sideways push of the ground on their tyres; turning sharply without leaning makes you fall outwards, and leaning hard while going very slowly tips you over inwards.

Who acts: Cyclists, turning, you, leaning, ground · What happens: lean, balance, turn, make, fall, go · To what, where: corner, sideways push, you

This is a sentence of the lesson «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cyclists, turning, you, leaning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cyclists	cyclist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lean	nsubj
2	lean	lean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 corner	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 corner	det
5	corner	corner	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lean	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 balance	mark
7	balance	balance	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 lean	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 push	det
9	sideways	sideway	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 push	compound
10	push	push	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 balance	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 ground	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 ground	det
13	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 push	nmod
14	on	on	ADP	_	16 tyres	case
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 tyres	nmod:poss
16	tyres	tyre	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 ground	nmod
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 turning	punct
18	turning	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	22 makes	csubj
19	sharply	sharply	ADV	_	18 turning	advmod
20	without	without	SCONJ	_	21 leaning	mark
21	leaning	lean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	18 turning	advcl
22	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 lean	conj
23	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	22 makes	obj
24	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 makes	xcomp
25	outwards	outward	ADV	_	24 fall	advmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 tips	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 tips	cc
28	leaning	lean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	34 tips	csubj
29	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	28 leaning	advmod
30	while	while	SCONJ	_	31 going	mark
31	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	28 leaning	advcl
32	very	very	ADV	_	33 slowly	advmod
33	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	31 going	advmod
34	tips	tip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 makes	conj
35	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	34 tips	obj
36	over	over	ADP	_	34 tips	compound:prt
37	inwards	inwards	ADV	PronType=Dem	34 tips	advmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lean	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lean	present	Cyclists		a corner		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	balance	to-infinitive	Cyclists not said here	the sideways push of the ground on Cyclists's tyres			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location push=Theme
3	turn	gerund				sharply property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	lean	gerund					vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	make	present	turning	you			tree rules
6	fall	infinitive	you not said here			outward property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	lean	gerund				hard property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	go	gerund				slowly property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	tip over	present	leaning	you		inwards property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
10	push		the ground on Cyclists's tyres				nom push «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:009-riding-a-bike.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/9-riding-a-bike/10/