Riding a bike: why it stays up, sentence 11

A low gear turns the wheel less for each turn of the pedals, so you push more gently but pedal more times up a hill; a high gear turns the wheel more for each turn, which is good for going fast on the flat.

Who acts: low gear, you, high gear, turn · What happens: turn, push, be, go · To what, where: wheel, flat

This is a sentence of the lesson «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (low gear, you, high gear, turn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 gear	det
2	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 gear	amod
3	gear	gear	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turns	nsubj
4	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wheel	det
6	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turns	obj
7	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 turns	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 turn	case
9	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	10 turn	det
10	turn	turn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turns	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 pedals	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 pedals	det
13	pedals	pedal	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 turn	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 push	punct
15	so	so	ADV	_	17 push	advmod
16	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	17 push	nsubj
17	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 turns	conj
18	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 gently	advmod
19	gently	gently	ADV	_	17 push	advmod
20	but	but	CCONJ	_	21 pedal	cc
21	pedal	pedal	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 push	conj
22	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 times	amod
23	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 push	obl:unmarked
24	up	up	ADP	_	26 hill	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 hill	det
26	hill	hill	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 pedal	obl
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 turns	punct
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 gear	det
29	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 gear	amod
30	gear	gear	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 turns	nsubj
31	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 turns	parataxis
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 wheel	det
33	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 turns	obj
34	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	31 turns	advmod
35	for	for	ADP	_	37 turn	case
36	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	37 turn	det
37	turn	turn	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 turns	obl
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 good	punct
39	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	41 good	nsubj
40	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	41 good	cop
41	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 turn	acl:relcl
42	for	for	SCONJ	_	43 going	mark
43	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	41 good	advcl
44	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	43 going	advmod
45	on	on	ADP	_	47 flat	case
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 flat	det
47	flat	flat	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 going	obl
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 turns	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	a low gear	the wheel			for each turn of the pedals; less property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme
2	push	present	you			time	gently property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
3	turn	present	a high gear	the wheel			for each turn	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme
4	is	present	each turn				good property	tree rules
5	go	gerund	each turn not said here		the flat		fast property	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on flat=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:009-riding-a-bike.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/9-riding-a-bike/11/