Immigration and borders, sentence 15
It was reported that tens of thousands of people a year have crossed the English Channel from France in small boats to ask for asylum in the UK; the crossings are dangerous, smugglers charge money for them, and some people have died.
Who acts: tens, crossings, smugglers, people · What happens: report, cross, ask, be, charge, die · To what, where: country, English Channel, France, money
This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tens, crossings, smugglers, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 reported | aux:pass |
| 3 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 crossed | mark |
| 5 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 crossed | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 thousands | case |
| 7 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 tens | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 people | case |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 thousands | nmod |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 year | det |
| 11 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 people | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 crossed | aux |
| 13 | crossed | cross | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 reported | ccomp |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 Channel | det |
| 15 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Channel | compound |
| 16 | Channel | Channel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 crossed | obj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 France | case |
| 18 | France | France | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 crossed | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 boats | case |
| 20 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 boats | amod |
| 21 | boats | boat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 crossed | obl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 ask | mark |
| 23 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 crossed | advcl |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 asylum | case |
| 25 | asylum | asylum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 ask | obl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 UK | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 UK | det |
| 28 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 asylum | nmod |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 dangerous | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 crossings | det |
| 31 | crossings | crossing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 dangerous | nsubj |
| 32 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 dangerous | cop |
| 33 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 reported | parataxis |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 charge | punct |
| 35 | smugglers | smuggler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 charge | nsubj |
| 36 | charge | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 reported | conj |
| 37 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 charge | obj |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 them | case |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 charge | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 died | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 died | cc |
| 42 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 43 people | det |
| 43 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 died | nsubj |
| 44 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 died | aux |
| 45 | died | die | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 reported | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reported | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | report | past · passive | country | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | cross | present · perfect | tens of thousands of people | the English Channel | France | in small boats | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent channel=Patient in boat=Topic | ||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | to-infinitive | tens of thousands of people not said here | for asylum in the UK | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the crossings | dangerous property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | charge | present | smugglers | money | for People | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent money=Patient for they=Theme | |||
| 6 | die | present · perfect | some people | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/15/