Immigration and borders, sentence 14
News reports said that in 2025 the US government greatly increased deportations, sending people found living there without permission back to their home countries; there were protests and court cases about how it was done.
Who acts: News reports, US government, people, protests · What happens: say, increase, send, find, live, be · To what, where: deportations, 2025, people, country · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (News reports, US government, people, protests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | News | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reports | compound |
| 2 | reports | report | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 increased | mark |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 2025 | case |
| 6 | 2025 | 2025 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 increased | obl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 government | det |
| 8 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 government | compound |
| 9 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 increased | nsubj |
| 10 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 11 increased | advmod |
| 11 | increased | increase | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 12 | deportations | deportation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 increased | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 sending | punct |
| 14 | sending | send | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 increased | advcl |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 sending | obj |
| 16 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 people | acl |
| 17 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 found | xcomp |
| 18 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 17 living | advmod |
| 19 | without | without | ADP | _ | 20 permission | case |
| 20 | permission | permission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 living | obl |
| 21 | back | back | ADV | _ | 20 permission | advmod |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 countries | case |
| 23 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 countries | nmod:poss |
| 24 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 countries | compound |
| 25 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 back | obl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 were | punct |
| 27 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 28 were | expl |
| 28 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 29 | protests | protest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 were | nsubj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 cases | cc |
| 31 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 cases | compound |
| 32 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 protests | conj |
| 33 | about | about | SCONJ | _ | 37 done | mark |
| 34 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 done | advmod |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 done | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 done | aux:pass |
| 37 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 cases | acl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | News reports | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | increase | past | the US government | deportations | 2025 | greatly property | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer deportation=Patient | ||
| 3 | send | gerund | the US government not said here | people | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | ||||
| 4 | find | participle | people not said here | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | live | gerund | people not said here | there | without permission | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 6 | be | past | protests and court cases | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | do | past · passive | country | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/14/