Immigration and borders, sentence 18
Immigrants both take jobs and create them by working, starting businesses and spending money; experts disagree about the exact effects, which differ by place and type of work.
Who acts: Immigrants, experts, exact effects · What happens: take, create, work, start, spend, disagree · To what, where: jobs, People, businesses, money, work
This is a sentence of the lesson «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Immigrants, experts, exact effects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Immigrants | immigrant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 take | nsubj |
| 2 | both | both | ADV | PronType=Tot | 3 take | advmod |
| 3 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 disagree | parataxis |
| 4 | jobs | job | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 take | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 create | cc |
| 6 | create | create | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 take | conj |
| 7 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 create | obj |
| 8 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 9 working | mark |
| 9 | working | work | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 create | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 starting | punct |
| 11 | starting | start | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 working | conj |
| 12 | businesses | business | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 starting | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 spending | cc |
| 14 | spending | spend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 working | conj |
| 15 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 spending | obj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 experts | punct |
| 17 | experts | expert | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 disagree | nsubj |
| 18 | disagree | disagree | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | about | about | ADP | _ | 22 effects | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 effects | det |
| 21 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 effects | amod |
| 22 | effects | effect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 disagree | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 differ | punct |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 differ | nsubj |
| 25 | differ | differ | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 effects | acl:relcl |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 27 place | case |
| 27 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 differ | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 type | cc |
| 29 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 place | conj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 work | case |
| 31 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 type | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 take | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | present | Immigrants | jobs | both property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Theme | |||
| 2 | create | present | Immigrants not said here | People | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Result | ||||
| 3 | work | gerund | Immigrants not said here | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | start | gerund | Immigrants not said here | businesses | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent business=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | spend | gerund | Immigrants not said here | money | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset | ||||
| 6 | disagree | present | experts | about the exact effects | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about effect=Topic | ||||
| 7 | differ | present | the exact effects | by place and type of work | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | type | work | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:019-immigration-and-borders.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/18/