Climate: hot summers and hot arguments, sentence 13

Electric cars run on batteries and give off no exhaust gases on the road, but they can cost more to buy, and charging can be hard on long trips or when towing.

Who acts: Electric cars, cars, charging · What happens: run, give off, cost, buy, be, tow · To what, where: batteries, exhaust gases, road, more, long trips

This is a sentence of the lesson «Climate: hot summers and hot arguments» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electric cars, cars, charging), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Electric	electric	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 cars	amod
2	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 run	nsubj
3	run	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 batteries	case
5	batteries	battery	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 run	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 give	cc
7	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 run	conj
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 give	compound:prt
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 gases	det
10	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gases	compound
11	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 give	obj
12	on	on	ADP	_	14 road	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 road	det
14	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 give	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 cost	punct
16	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 cost	cc
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 cost	nsubj
18	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 cost	aux
19	cost	cost	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 run	conj
20	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 cost	obj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 buy	mark
22	buy	buy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 more	advcl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 hard	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 hard	cc
25	charging	charge	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 hard	nsubj
26	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 hard	aux
27	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	28 hard	cop
28	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 run	conj
29	on	on	ADP	_	31 trips	case
30	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 trips	amod
31	trips	trip	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 hard	obl
32	or	or	CCONJ	_	34 towing	cc
33	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	34 towing	advmod
34	towing	tow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	31 trips	conj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 run	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	run	present	Electric cars		batteries		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on battery=Trajectory
2	give off	present	Electric cars not said here	no exhaust gases	the road		vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme
3	cost	can	cars = car	more			vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value
4	buy	to-infinitive	cars = car not said here				vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
5	is	can	charging		long trips	hard property	tree rules
6	tow	gerund	charging not said here				vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:021-climate-hot-summers-and-hot-arguments.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/21-climate-hot-summers-and-hot-arguments/13/