Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes, sentence 17

Sanctions are when countries refuse to trade with, sell to or lend money to a country, company or person to push them to change; many countries put sanctions on Russia after 2022 and froze money belonging to its central bank.

Who acts: Sanctions, countries, many countries, money · What happens: be, refuse, not trade, sell, lend, push · To what, where: money, country, sanctions, Russia

This is a sentence of the lesson «Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sanctions, countries, many countries, money), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sanctions	sanction	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 are	nsubj
2	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 refuse	advmod
4	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 refuse	nsubj
5	refuse	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 are	advcl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 trade	mark
7	trade	trade	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 refuse	xcomp
8	with	with	ADP	_	7 trade	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 sell	punct
10	sell	sell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 trade	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 sell	obl
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 lend	cc
13	lend	lend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 trade	conj
14	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lend	obj
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 country	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 country	det
17	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lend	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 company	punct
19	company	company	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 country	conj
20	or	or	CCONJ	_	21 person	cc
21	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 country	conj
22	to	to	PART	_	23 push	mark
23	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 lend	advcl
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 push	obj
25	to	to	PART	_	26 change	mark
26	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 push	xcomp
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	2 are	punct
28	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 countries	amod
29	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 put	nsubj
30	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 are	parataxis
31	sanctions	sanction	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 put	obj
32	on	on	ADP	_	33 Russia	case
33	Russia	Russia	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 put	obl
34	after	after	ADP	_	35 2022	case
35	2022	2022	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	30 put	obl
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 froze	cc
37	froze	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 put	conj
38	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 froze	obj
39	belonging	belong	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	38 money	acl
40	to	to	ADP	_	43 bank	case
41	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	43 bank	nmod:poss
42	central	central	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 bank	amod
43	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 belonging	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 are	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	does	present	Sanctions						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	refuse	present	countries						vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	not trade	to-infinitive	countries not said here						vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	sell	infinitive	countries not said here						vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
5	lend	infinitive	countries not said here	money	a country and company or person				vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to country=Recipient
6	push	to-infinitive	countries not said here	sanctions = sanction					vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic
7	change	to-infinitive	countries not said here						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	put	past	many countries	sanctions		Russia	after 2022		vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent sanction=Theme on russia=Destination
9	freeze	past	many countries not said here	money					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient money=Result
10	belong	gerund	money not said here					to country's central bank	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:030-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/17/