Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections, sentence 8
News reports said that in New Hampshire in 2024 a robocall used an AI copy of President Biden's voice to tell people not to vote in a primary, and that the people behind it were fined.
Who acts: News reports, robocall · What happens: say, use, tell, not vote, fine, copy · To what, where: AI copy, New Hampshire, people, primary, voice · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (News reports, robocall), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | News | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 reports | compound |
| 2 | reports | report | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 used | mark |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Hampshire | case |
| 6 | New | New | PROPN | _ | 7 Hampshire | flat |
| 7 | Hampshire | Hampshire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 used | obl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 2024 | case |
| 9 | 2024 | 2024 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 robocall | obl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 robocall | det |
| 11 | robocall | robocall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 used | nsubj |
| 12 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 copy | det |
| 14 | AI | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 copy | compound |
| 15 | copy | copy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 used | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 voice | case |
| 17 | President | President | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Biden | nmod:desc |
| 18 | Biden | Biden | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 voice | nmod:poss |
| 19 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 18 Biden | case |
| 20 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 copy | nmod |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 tell | mark |
| 22 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 used | advcl |
| 23 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 tell | obj |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 vote | advmod |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 vote | mark |
| 26 | vote | vote | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 tell | xcomp |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 primary | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 primary | det |
| 29 | primary | primary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 vote | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 fined | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 fined | cc |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 fined | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 people | det |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 fined | nsubj |
| 35 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 36 it | case |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 people | nmod |
| 37 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 fined | aux:pass |
| 38 | fined | fine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 used | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | News reports | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | use | past | a robocall | a AI copy of Biden President's voice | New Hampshire | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Patient | |||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | to-infinitive | a robocall not said here | people | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent people=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | not vote not said to happen | to-infinitive | a robocall not said here | a primary | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | fine | past · passive | the people behind robocall | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 6 | copy | Biden President's voice | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:032-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×6. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/8/