Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools, sentence 16

Some people say sales tax is fair because everyone pays when they spend; others say it hits poorer families harder because they spend most of what they have.

Who acts: people, sales tax, everyone, Taxes, others, area · What happens: say, be, pay, spend, hit, have · To what, where: poorer families, most · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, sales tax, everyone, Taxes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 people	det
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 say	nsubj
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	sales	sale	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tax	compound
5	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fair	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 fair	cop
7	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 say	ccomp
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 pays	mark
9	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	10 pays	nsubj
10	pays	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 fair	advcl
11	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 spend	advmod
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 spend	nsubj
13	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 pays	advcl
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 say	punct
15	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 say	nsubj
16	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 say	parataxis
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 hits	nsubj
18	hits	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 say	ccomp
19	poorer	poor	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 families	amod
20	families	family	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 hits	obj
21	harder	hard	ADV	Degree=Cmp	18 hits	advmod
22	because	because	SCONJ	_	24 spend	mark
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 spend	nsubj
24	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 hits	advcl
25	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	24 spend	obj
26	of	of	ADP	_	27 what	case
27	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	24 spend	obl
28	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 have	nsubj
29	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 what	acl:relcl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	some people			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	sales tax		fair property	tree rules
3	pay	present	everyone			vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	spend	present	Taxes = tax			vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	say speech: assert	present	others			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	hit	present	area	poorer families	hard property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme family=Co-Theme
7	spend	present	Taxes = tax	most		vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Asset
8	have	present	Taxes = tax			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:008-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools/16/