Olympiad practice: the hardest cases, sentence 14
Confucius said people cannot stand without trust (Analects 12.7); Islam and Judaism treat truth as sacred with narrow exceptions for peace and life; humanists say honesty lets people live and work together.
Who acts: Confucius, people, Islam, humanists, honesty · What happens: say, not stand, treat, let, live, work together · To what, where: truth, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad practice: the hardest cases» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Confucius, people, Islam, humanists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Confucius | Confucius | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 said | nsubj |
| 2 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 stand | nsubj |
| 4 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 stand | aux |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 stand | advmod |
| 6 | stand | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 said | ccomp |
| 7 | without | without | ADP | _ | 8 trust | case |
| 8 | trust | trust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 stand | obl |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 Analects | punct |
| 10 | Analects | analect | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 trust | nmod |
| 11 | 12.7 | 12.7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Frac | 10 Analects | flat |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 Analects | punct |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 treat | punct |
| 14 | Islam | Islam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 treat | nsubj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 Judaism | cc |
| 16 | Judaism | Judaism | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Islam | conj |
| 17 | treat | treat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | parataxis |
| 18 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 treat | obj |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 sacred | case |
| 20 | sacred | sacred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 treat | obl |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 exceptions | case |
| 22 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 exceptions | amod |
| 23 | exceptions | exception | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 treat | obl |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 peace | case |
| 25 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 exceptions | nmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 life | cc |
| 27 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 peace | conj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 say | punct |
| 29 | humanists | humanist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 say | nsubj |
| 30 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 said | parataxis |
| 31 | honesty | honesty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lets | nsubj |
| 32 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 say | ccomp |
| 33 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 lets | obj |
| 34 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 lets | xcomp |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 work | cc |
| 36 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 live | conj |
| 37 | together | together | ADV | _ | 36 work | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 said | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Confucius | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not stand | can | people | without trust Analects | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | treat | present | Islam and Judaism | truth | as sacred; with narrow exceptions for peace and life | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient with exception=Theme | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | humanists | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | let | present | honesty | people | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | live | infinitive | people not said here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | work together | infinitive | people not said here | together property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:100-olympiad-practice-the-hardest-cases.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/100-olympiad-practice-the-hardest-cases/14/