The birth of Jesus, sentence 4
Christians believe that in Jesus God himself became a human being (the Incarnation) — «Emmanuel, God with us» — and came humbly, close to poor and ordinary people; that is why Christmas is about welcome and giving, not only presents.
Who acts: Christians, God, that, Christmas · What happens: believe, become, come, be, give · To what, where: Jesus, presents · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The birth of Jesus» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, God, that, Christmas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 believe | nsubj |
| 2 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 became | mark |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 God | case |
| 5 | Jesus | Jesus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 became | obl |
| 6 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 became | nsubj |
| 7 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 6 God | nmod:unmarked |
| 8 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 believe | ccomp |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 being | det |
| 10 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 being | amod |
| 11 | being | being | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 became | xcomp |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 14 Incarnation | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Incarnation | det |
| 14 | Incarnation | incarnation | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 being | appos |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 14 Incarnation | punct |
| 16 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 Emmanuel | punct |
| 17 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 18 Emmanuel | punct |
| 18 | Emmanuel | Emmanuel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Incarnation | appos |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 God | punct |
| 20 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Emmanuel | conj |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 us | case |
| 22 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 Emmanuel | nmod |
| 23 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 18 Emmanuel | punct |
| 24 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 came | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 came | cc |
| 26 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 became | conj |
| 27 | humbly | humbly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 came | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 close | punct |
| 29 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 came | xcomp |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 poor | case |
| 31 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 people | amod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 people | cc |
| 33 | ordinary | ordinary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 poor | conj |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 close | conj |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 why | punct |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 38 why | nsubj |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 why | cop |
| 38 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 2 believe | conj |
| 39 | Christmas | Christmas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 welcome | nsubj |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 welcome | cop |
| 41 | about | about | ADP | _ | 42 welcome | case |
| 42 | welcome | welcome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 why | advcl:relcl |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 giving | cc |
| 44 | giving | give | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 42 welcome | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 presents | punct |
| 46 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 48 presents | advmod |
| 47 | only | only | ADV | _ | 48 presents | advmod |
| 48 | presents | present | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 giving | obj |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present | Christians | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | become | past | God God | Jesus | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | come | past | God God not said here | close, humbly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | present | that | why property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | present | Christmas | about welcome | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | give | gerund | Christmas not said here | presents | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent present=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:012-the-birth-of-jesus.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/12-the-birth-of-jesus/4/