Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness, sentence 4
Bullying, hurting again and again someone who finds it hard to defend themselves, is always wrong, and bystanders can help stop it; gratitude, noticing good things and saying thank you, makes people happier and kinder.
Who acts: Bullying, bystanders, gratitude · What happens: hurt, find, defend, be, help, stop · To what, where: someone, Bullying, Christians, good things, you, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bullying, bystanders, gratitude), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bullying | bullying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 wrong | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 hurting | punct |
| 3 | hurting | hurt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Bullying | conj |
| 4 | again | again | ADV | _ | 3 hurting | advmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 someone | cc |
| 6 | again | again | ADV | _ | 4 again | conj |
| 7 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 3 hurting | obj |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 finds | nsubj |
| 9 | finds | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 someone | acl:relcl |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 finds | obj |
| 11 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 finds | xcomp |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 defend | mark |
| 13 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 hard | advcl |
| 14 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 13 defend | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Bullying | punct |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 wrong | cop |
| 17 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 18 wrong | advmod |
| 18 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 help | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 help | cc |
| 21 | bystanders | bystander | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 help | nsubj |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 help | aux |
| 23 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 wrong | parataxis |
| 24 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 help | xcomp |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 stop | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 wrong | punct |
| 27 | gratitude | gratitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 makes | nsubj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 noticing | punct |
| 29 | noticing | notice | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 gratitude | acl |
| 30 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 things | amod |
| 31 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 noticing | obj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 saying | cc |
| 33 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 noticing | conj |
| 34 | thank | thank | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 saying | parataxis |
| 35 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 thank | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 makes | punct |
| 37 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 wrong | parataxis |
| 38 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 makes | obj |
| 39 | happier | happy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 37 makes | xcomp |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 kinder | cc |
| 41 | kinder | kind | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 39 happier | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 wrong | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hurt | gerund | Bullying not said here | someone | again | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient | |||
| 2 | find | present | Bullying | hard property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic | ||||
| 3 | defend | to-infinitive | Christians = christian | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary | |||||
| 4 | is | present | Bullying | always, wrong property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | help | can | bystanders | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | stop | infinitive | bystanders not said here | Bullying | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality | ||||
| 7 | notice | gerund | gratitude not said here | good things | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | say speech: assert | gerund | gratitude not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | thank speech: thank | present | you | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme | |||||
| 10 | make | present | gratitude | people | happy property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:034-honesty-fairness-and-kindness.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness/4/