How to argue: counter-arguments and respect, sentence 0
A strong thinker looks for the best reasons against their own view, called counter-arguments, and answers them: either by showing why they are weaker, or by changing their mind.
Who acts: strong thinker, counter-arguments, reasons · What happens: look, call, answer, show, be, change · To what, where: counter-arguments, mind · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How to argue: counter-arguments and respect» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strong thinker, counter-arguments, reasons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 thinker | det |
| 2 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 thinker | amod |
| 3 | thinker | thinker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 looks | nsubj |
| 4 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 reasons | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 reasons | det |
| 7 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 reasons | amod |
| 8 | reasons | reason | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 looks | obl |
| 9 | against | against | ADP | _ | 12 view | case |
| 10 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 view | nmod:poss |
| 11 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 view | amod |
| 12 | view | view | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 reasons | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 counter-arguments | punct |
| 14 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 counter-arguments | acl |
| 15 | counter-arguments | counter-argument | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 view | appos |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 answers | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 answers | cc |
| 18 | answers | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 looks | conj |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 answers | obj |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 showing | punct |
| 21 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 23 showing | cc |
| 22 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 23 showing | mark |
| 23 | showing | show | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 answers | advcl |
| 24 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 weaker | advmod |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 weaker | nsubj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 weaker | cop |
| 27 | weaker | weak | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 showing | ccomp |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 changing | punct |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 changing | cc |
| 30 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 31 changing | mark |
| 31 | changing | change | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 showing | conj |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 mind | nmod:poss |
| 33 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 changing | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 looks | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | present | a strong thinker | for the best reasons against reasons's own view | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | counter-arguments not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | answer speech: assert | present | a strong thinker not said here | counter-arguments = counter-argument | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | show | gerund | a strong thinker not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | counter-arguments = counter-argument | weak property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | change | gerund | a strong thinker not said here | counter-arguments's mind | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient | ||||
| 7 | view | reasons = reason | nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | mind | counter-arguments = counter-argument | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:040-how-to-argue-counter-arguments-and-respect.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/40-how-to-argue-counter-arguments-and-respect/0/