Cheating, rules and games, sentence 1
Picture a spelling test where one child glances at a neighbour's paper: even if nobody notices, the mark is a lie about what that child knows, and it is unfair to everyone who learnt the words honestly.
Who acts: you, one child, nobody, mark, child · What happens: picture, glance, notice, be, know, learn · To what, where: spelling test, lie, words
This is a sentence of the lesson «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, one child, nobody, mark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 test | det |
| 3 | spelling | spelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 test | compound |
| 4 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obj |
| 5 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 8 glances | advmod |
| 6 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 child | nummod |
| 7 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 glances | nsubj |
| 8 | glances | glance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 test | acl:relcl |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 paper | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 neighbour | det |
| 11 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 paper | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 neighbour | case |
| 13 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 glances | obl |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 notices | punct |
| 15 | even | even | ADV | _ | 18 notices | advmod |
| 16 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 18 notices | mark |
| 17 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 18 notices | nsubj |
| 18 | notices | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 lie | advcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 lie | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 mark | det |
| 21 | mark | mark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 lie | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 lie | cop |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 lie | det |
| 24 | lie | lie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 25 | about | about | ADP | _ | 26 what | case |
| 26 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 lie | nmod |
| 27 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 28 child | det |
| 28 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 knows | nsubj |
| 29 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 what | acl:relcl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 unfair | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 unfair | cc |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 unfair | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 unfair | cop |
| 34 | unfair | unfair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 lie | conj |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 everyone | case |
| 36 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 34 unfair | obl |
| 37 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 learnt | nsubj |
| 38 | learnt | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 everyone | acl:relcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 words | det |
| 40 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 learnt | obj |
| 41 | honestly | honestly | ADV | _ | 38 learnt | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | a spelling test | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent test=Theme | ||||
| 2 | glance | present | one child | at a neighbour's paper | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at paper=Theme | ||||
| 3 | notice a condition, not said to happen | present | nobody | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | the mark | a lie | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | know | present | that child | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | is | present | child | to everyone; unfair property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | learn | past | the words | honestly property | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:044-cheating-rules-and-games.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/1/