Whistle-blowing: when to tell, sentence 1
Picture a few classmates secretly picking on a younger child behind the bike sheds: everyone knows, nobody says anything, and the little one has no one on their side until someone is brave enough to tell.
Who acts: you, everyone, nobody, little one, someone · What happens: picture, pick on, know, say, have, be · To what, where: few classmates, younger child, bike sheds, anything, one, side · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Whistle-blowing: when to tell» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, everyone, nobody, little one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 classmates | det |
| 3 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 classmates | amod |
| 4 | classmates | classmate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Picture | obj |
| 5 | secretly | secretly | ADV | _ | 6 picking | advmod |
| 6 | picking | pick | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Picture | ccomp |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 picking | compound:prt |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 child | det |
| 9 | younger | young | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 child | amod |
| 10 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 picking | obj |
| 11 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 14 sheds | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sheds | det |
| 13 | bike | bike | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sheds | compound |
| 14 | sheds | shed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 picking | obl |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 knows | punct |
| 16 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 17 knows | nsubj |
| 17 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 picking | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 says | punct |
| 19 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 20 says | nsubj |
| 20 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 knows | conj |
| 21 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 20 says | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 has | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 has | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 one | det |
| 25 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 one | amod |
| 26 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 has | nsubj |
| 27 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 knows | conj |
| 28 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 29 one | det |
| 29 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 has | obj |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 side | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 side | nmod:poss |
| 32 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 one | nmod |
| 33 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 36 brave | mark |
| 34 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 36 brave | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 brave | cop |
| 36 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 has | advcl |
| 37 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 36 brave | advmod |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 tell | mark |
| 39 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 brave | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | a few classmates | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent classmate=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | pick on | gerund | you not said here | a younger child | the bike sheds | secretly property | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient | ||
| 3 | know | present | everyone | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | nobody | anything | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic | ||||
| 5 | have | present | the little one | no one | sheds's side | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | |||
| 6 | is | present | someone | brave, enough property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | tell speech: assert | to-infinitive | someone not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:045-whistle-blowing-when-to-tell.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/45-whistle-blowing-when-to-tell/1/