Life begins: being born and growing up, sentence 2

Babies are born able to suck, cry and grip, but walking, talking and reading are learned slowly, by trying, falling and trying again; a giraffe walks within an hour, while a human baby needs about a year, because our big brains have so much to learn.

Who acts: giraffe, human baby, big brains · What happens: bear, suck, cry, grip, talk, read · To what, where: Babies, walking, much

This is a sentence of the lesson «Life begins: being born and growing up» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giraffe, human baby, big brains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 born	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 born	aux:pass
3	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 born	xcomp
5	to	to	PART	_	6 suck	mark
6	suck	suck	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 able	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 cry	punct
8	cry	cry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 suck	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 grip	cc
10	grip	grip	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 suck	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 learned	punct
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	19 learned	cc
13	walking	walking	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 learned	nsubj:pass
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 talking	punct
15	talking	talk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 walking	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 reading	cc
17	reading	read	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 walking	conj
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 learned	aux:pass
19	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 able	conj
20	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	19 learned	advmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 trying	punct
22	by	by	SCONJ	_	23 trying	mark
23	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 learned	advcl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 falling	punct
25	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 trying	conj
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 trying	cc
27	trying	try	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 falling	conj
28	again	again	ADV	_	27 trying	advmod
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 walks	punct
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 giraffe	det
31	giraffe	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 walks	nsubj
32	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 able	conj
33	within	within	ADP	_	35 hour	case
34	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 hour	det
35	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 walks	obl
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 needs	punct
37	while	while	SCONJ	_	41 needs	mark
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 baby	det
39	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 baby	amod
40	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 needs	nsubj
41	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 walks	advcl
42	about	about	ADV	_	44 year	advmod
43	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 year	det
44	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 needs	obl:unmarked
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	50 have	punct
46	because	because	SCONJ	_	50 have	mark
47	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	49 brains	nmod:poss
48	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 brains	amod
49	brains	brain	NOUN	Number=Plur	50 have	nsubj
50	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 able	conj
51	so	so	ADV	_	52 much	advmod
52	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	50 have	obj
53	to	to	PART	_	54 learn	mark
54	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	52 much	acl
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 born	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	bear	present · passive		Babies		able property	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	suck	to-infinitive					vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	cry speech: express	infinitive					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	grip	infinitive					vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	talk	gerund					vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	read	gerund					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	learn	present · passive		walking		slowly property	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
8	try	gerund					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
9	fall	gerund					vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
10	try	gerund			again		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
11	walk	present	a giraffe		hour		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
12	need	present	a human baby		year		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
13	have	present	our big brains	much			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient
14	learn	to-infinitive					vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:051-life-begins-being-born-and-growing-up.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/51-life-begins-being-born-and-growing-up/2/