Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature, sentence 14
Dinosaurs (apart from the ones that became birds) died out about 66 million years ago; there is no sign that people will die out any time soon, and many people work hard to keep the Earth safe.
Who acts: ones, Dinosaurs, sign, people, many people · What happens: become, die out, be, work, keep · To what, where: birds, sign, Earth
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ones, Dinosaurs, sign, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 died | nsubj |
| 2 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 3 apart | punct |
| 3 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 6 ones | advmod |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 ones | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ones | det |
| 6 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Dinosaurs | appos |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 became | nsubj |
| 8 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 ones | acl:relcl |
| 9 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 became | xcomp |
| 10 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 6 ones | punct |
| 11 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 died | compound:prt |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 15 million | advmod |
| 14 | 66 | 66 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 million | compound |
| 15 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 years | nummod |
| 16 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 17 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 11 died | advmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 is | punct |
| 19 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 20 is | expl |
| 20 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 died | parataxis |
| 21 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 22 sign | det |
| 22 | sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 is | nsubj |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 die | mark |
| 24 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 die | nsubj |
| 25 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 die | aux |
| 26 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 sign | acl |
| 27 | out | out | ADP | _ | 26 die | compound:prt |
| 28 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 29 time | det |
| 29 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 die | obl:unmarked |
| 30 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 die | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 work | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 work | cc |
| 33 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 people | amod |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 work | nsubj |
| 35 | work | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 died | conj |
| 36 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 work | advmod |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 keep | mark |
| 38 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 work | advcl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 Earth | det |
| 40 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 keep | obj |
| 41 | safe | safe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 keep | xcomp |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 died | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | past | the ones | birds | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | die out | past | Dinosaurs | ago property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | be | present | no sign | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | die out | future | people | no sign not said here | time | soon property | tree rules | ||
| 5 | work | present | many people | hard property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | keep | to-infinitive | many people not said here | the Earth | safe property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/14/