Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature, sentence 2

In autumn Josh kicks through dead brown leaves, but the tree is alive and resting; the leaves rot with worms, fungi and bacteria into rich soil that feeds next spring's growth, just as the compost heap turns old peel into food for new plants.

Who acts: Josh, tree, leaves, rich soil, compost heap, next spring · What happens: kick, be, rest, rot, feed, turn · To what, where: dead brown leaves, rich soil, growth, old peel, food

This is a sentence of the lesson «Why living things die, and the circle of life in nature» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Josh, tree, leaves, rich soil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 autumn	case
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kicks	obl
3	Josh	Josh	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 kicks	nsubj
4	kicks	kick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	8 leaves	case
6	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 leaves	amod
7	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 leaves	amod
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 kicks	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 alive	punct
10	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 alive	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 tree	det
12	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 alive	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 alive	cop
14	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 kicks	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 resting	cc
16	resting	rest	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 alive	conj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 rot	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 leaves	det
19	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 rot	nsubj
20	rot	rot	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kicks	parataxis
21	with	with	ADP	_	22 worms	case
22	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 rot	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 fungi	punct
24	fungi	fungi	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 worms	conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 bacteria	cc
26	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 worms	conj
27	into	into	ADP	_	29 soil	case
28	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 soil	amod
29	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 rot	obl
30	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 feeds	nsubj
31	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 soil	acl:relcl
32	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 spring	amod
33	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 growth	nmod:poss
34	's	's	PART	_	33 spring	case
35	growth	growth	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 feeds	obj
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 turns	punct
37	just	just	ADV	_	42 turns	advmod
38	as	as	SCONJ	_	42 turns	mark
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 heap	det
40	compost	compost	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 heap	compound
41	heap	heap	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 turns	nsubj
42	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 rot	advcl
43	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 peel	amod
44	peel	peel	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 turns	obj
45	into	into	ADP	_	46 food	case
46	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 turns	obl
47	for	for	ADP	_	49 plants	case
48	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 plants	amod
49	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 food	nmod
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 kicks	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	kick	present	Josh		dead brown leaves	autumn		vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
2	is	present	the tree				alive property	tree rules
3	rest	gerund	the tree not said here					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	rot	present	the leaves		rich soil		with worms and fungi and bacteria	vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	feed	present	rich soil	next spring's growth				vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growth=Recipient
6	turn	present	the compost heap	old peel	food for new plants			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent peel=Theme into food=Trajectory
7	grow		next spring					nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:053-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/53-why-living-things-die-and-the-circle-of-life/2/