Keeping promises, sentence 7
Christians believe God always keeps his promises ("he who promised is faithful", Hebrews 10:23); a promise broken by a real emergency, honestly explained, is not a lie.
Who acts: Christians, God, promise · What happens: believe, keep, promise, be, break, explain · To what, where: promises, promise, lie · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Keeping promises» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, God, promise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 believe | nsubj |
| 2 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 keeps | nsubj |
| 4 | always | always | ADV | _ | 5 keeps | advmod |
| 5 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 believe | ccomp |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 promises | nmod:poss |
| 7 | promises | promise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 keeps | obj |
| 8 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 promised | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 ( | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 promised | nsubj |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 promised | nsubj |
| 12 | promised | promise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 faithful | advcl |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 faithful | cop |
| 14 | faithful | faithful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 keeps | conj |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 faithful | punct |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Hebrews | punct |
| 17 | Hebrews | hebrew | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 keeps | obl |
| 18 | 10:23 | 10:23 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 Hebrews | nmod |
| 19 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 18 10:23 | punct |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 lie | punct |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 promise | det |
| 22 | promise | promise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 lie | nsubj |
| 23 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 promise | acl |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 27 emergency | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 emergency | det |
| 26 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 emergency | amod |
| 27 | emergency | emergency | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 broken | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 explained | punct |
| 29 | honestly | honestly | ADV | _ | 30 explained | advmod |
| 30 | explained | explain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 promise | acl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 explained | punct |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 lie | cop |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 lie | advmod |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 lie | det |
| 35 | lie | lie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 believe | parataxis |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present | Christians | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | keep | present | God | God's promises | Hebrews 10:23 obl; always property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme | |||
| 3 | promise speech: promise in a quote | past | God | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | God not said here | faithful property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | break | participle | a promise not said here | by a real emergency | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by emergency=Location | ||||
| 6 | explain speech: assert | participle | a promise not said here | honestly property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | not is a | present | a promise | a lie | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | promise | God | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:086-keeping-promises.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/86-keeping-promises/7/