Vows, oaths and promises in faith, sentence 18

Israel's leaders were tricked by the Gibeonites into a treaty but kept it: "We have given them our oath by the Lord... we cannot touch them now" (Joshua 9:19); today most laws say a promise won by trickery does not bind.

Who acts: Gibeonites, We, most laws, promise · What happens: trick, keep, give, not touch, say, win · To what, where: leaders, treaty, oath, promise · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gibeonites, We, most laws, promise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Israel	Israel	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 leaders	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Israel	case
3	leaders	leader	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tricked	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 tricked	aux:pass
5	tricked	trick	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 Gibeonites	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Gibeonites	det
8	Gibeonites	Gibeonite	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 tricked	obl:agent
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 treaty	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 treaty	det
11	treaty	treaty	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tricked	obl
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 kept	cc
13	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 tricked	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 kept	obj
15	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 given	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 given	punct
17	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 given	nsubj
18	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 given	aux
19	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 tricked	advcl
20	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 given	iobj
21	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 oath	nmod:poss
22	oath	oath	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 given	obj
23	by	by	ADP	_	25 Lord	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 Lord	det
25	Lord	Lord	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 given	obl
26	...	...	PUNCT	_	30 touch	punct
27	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	30 touch	nsubj
28	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	30 touch	aux
29	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	30 touch	advmod
30	touch	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 tricked	advcl
31	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 touch	obj
32	now	now	ADV	_	30 touch	advmod
33	"	"	PUNCT	_	32 now	punct
34	(	(	PUNCT	_	35 Joshua	punct
35	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 now	parataxis
36	9:19	9:19	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 Joshua	flat
37	)	)	PUNCT	_	35 Joshua	punct
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	42 say	punct
39	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 say	obl
40	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	41 laws	amod
41	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 say	nsubj
42	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tricked	parataxis
43	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 promise	det
44	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 bind	nsubj
45	won	win	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	44 promise	acl
46	by	by	ADP	_	47 trickery	case
47	trickery	trickery	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 won	obl
48	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	50 bind	aux
49	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	50 bind	advmod
50	bind	bind	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	42 say	ccomp
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 tricked	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	when	other	roles by
1	trick	past · passive	the Gibeonites	Israel's leaders			into a treaty result	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent subject=Patient into treaty=Result
2	keep	past	the Gibeonites not said here	treaty				vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	give in a quote	present · perfect	We	our oath	leaders = leader		by the Lord	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient oath=Theme
4	not touch in a quote	can	we	leaders = leader		now		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme
5	say speech: assert	present	most laws			today		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	win	participle		a promise not said here			by trickery	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	not bind	present · do-support	a promise					vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/18/