Vows, oaths and promises in faith, sentence 2
Courts make witnesses swear "the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth" because someone's freedom depends on it; in UK courts you may swear on a holy book or make a non-religious promise called an affirmation.
Who acts: Courts, witnesses, freedom, you, non-religious promise · What happens: make, swear, depend, call · To what, where: truth, UK courts, non-religious promise, affirmation · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Courts, witnesses, freedom, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Courts | court | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 make | nsubj |
| 2 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | witnesses | witness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 swear | nsubj |
| 4 | swear | swear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 make | xcomp |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 truth | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 truth | det |
| 7 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 swear | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 truth | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 truth | det |
| 10 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 truth | amod |
| 11 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 truth | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 nothing | cc |
| 13 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 11 truth | conj |
| 14 | but | but | ADP | _ | 16 truth | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 truth | det |
| 16 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 nothing | conj |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 truth | punct |
| 18 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 22 depends | mark |
| 19 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 21 freedom | nmod:poss |
| 20 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 19 someone | case |
| 21 | freedom | freedom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 depends | nsubj |
| 22 | depends | depend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 swear | advcl |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 it | case |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 depends | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 swear | punct |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 courts | case |
| 27 | UK | UK | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 courts | compound |
| 28 | courts | court | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 swear | obl |
| 29 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 swear | nsubj |
| 30 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 swear | aux |
| 31 | swear | swear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 make | parataxis |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 book | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 book | det |
| 34 | holy | holy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 book | amod |
| 35 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 swear | obl |
| 36 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 37 make | cc |
| 37 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 swear | conj |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 promise | det |
| 39 | non-religious | non-religious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 promise | amod |
| 40 | promise | promise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 make | obj |
| 41 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 40 promise | acl |
| 42 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 affirmation | det |
| 43 | affirmation | affirmation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 called | xcomp |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 make | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | Courts | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | swear | infinitive | witnesses | the truth and the whole truth | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent truth=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | depend | present | someone's freedom | on truth | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | swear | may | you | UK courts | on a holy book | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||
| 5 | make | infinitive | you not said here | a non-religious promise | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset promise=Product | ||||
| 6 | call | participle | a non-religious promise not said here | a affirmation | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/2/