Vows, oaths and promises in faith, sentence 7
The commandment "You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour" (Exodus 20:16) is first of all about witnesses; in Israel one witness was not enough to convict anyone (Deuteronomy 19:15).
Who acts: You, commandment, one witness · What happens: not bear, be, not be, convict · To what, where: false witness, Israel, anyone
This is a sentence of the lesson «Vows, oaths and promises in faith» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, commandment, one witness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 commandment | det |
| 2 | commandment | commandment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 witnesses | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 bear | punct |
| 4 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 bear | nsubj |
| 5 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 bear | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 bear | advmod |
| 7 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 commandment | appos |
| 8 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 witness | amod |
| 9 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bear | obj |
| 10 | against | against | ADP | _ | 12 neighbour | case |
| 11 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 12 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bear | obl |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 neighbour | punct |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 Exodus | punct |
| 15 | Exodus | exodus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 neighbour | appos |
| 16 | 20:16 | 20:16 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 Exodus | flat |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 Exodus | punct |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 witnesses | cop |
| 19 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 23 witnesses | advmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 all | case |
| 21 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 first | obl |
| 22 | about | about | ADP | _ | 23 witnesses | case |
| 23 | witnesses | witness | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 enough | punct |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 Israel | case |
| 26 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 enough | obl |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 witness | nummod |
| 28 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 enough | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 enough | cop |
| 30 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 31 enough | advmod |
| 31 | enough | enough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 witnesses | parataxis |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 convict | mark |
| 33 | convict | convict | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 enough | advcl |
| 34 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 33 convict | obj |
| 35 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 36 Deuteronomy | punct |
| 36 | Deuteronomy | deuteronomy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 anyone | appos |
| 37 | 19:15 | 19:15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 36 Deuteronomy | flat |
| 38 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 36 Deuteronomy | punct |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 witnesses | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not bear in a quote | shall | You | false witness | against your neighbour | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent witness=Patient | |||
| 2 | is | present | the commandment | about witnesses; first property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not is | past | one witness | Israel | enough property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | convict | to-infinitive | one witness not said here | anyone | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:088-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/88-vows-oaths-and-promises-in-faith/7/