Owning up when it is hard, sentence 3
The hardest case is when someone innocent is punished for your fault; letting it go on is "false witness by silence", so you speak up even if it means trouble for you.
Who acts: courage, you, your · What happens: be, punish, let, go on, speak up, mean · To what, where: hardest case, someone, false witness, trouble · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Owning up when it is hard» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (courage, you, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 case | det |
| 2 | hardest | hard | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 case | amod |
| 3 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 case | cop |
| 5 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 punished | advmod |
| 6 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 9 punished | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | innocent | innocent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 someone | amod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 punished | aux:pass |
| 9 | punished | punish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 case | ccomp |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 fault | case |
| 11 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 fault | nmod:poss |
| 12 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 punished | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 letting | punct |
| 14 | letting | let | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 punished | advcl |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 go | nsubj |
| 16 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 letting | xcomp |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 go | compound:prt |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 witness | cop |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 witness | punct |
| 20 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 witness | amod |
| 21 | witness | witness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 go | obl |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 silence | case |
| 23 | silence | silence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 witness | nmod |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 witness | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 speak | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 28 speak | advmod |
| 27 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 28 speak | nsubj |
| 28 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 case | conj |
| 29 | up | up | ADP | _ | 28 speak | compound:prt |
| 30 | even | even | ADV | _ | 33 means | advmod |
| 31 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 33 means | mark |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 means | nsubj |
| 33 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 speak | advcl |
| 34 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 means | obj |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 36 you | case |
| 36 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 trouble | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 case | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the hardest case | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | punish | present · passive | someone | for your fault | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for fault=Theme | ||||
| 3 | let | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | go on | infinitive | courage | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | present | false witness | by silence | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | speak up speech: other | present | you | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | mean a condition, not said to happen | present | courage | trouble | for you | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot trouble=Theme for you=Attribute | |||
| 8 | fault | your | nom fault «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:091-owning-up-when-it-is-hard.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/3/