Owning up when it is hard, sentence 2
The ancient Greek thinker Aristotle said courage is doing the right thing in spite of fear, and the Bible says, "Do not follow the crowd in doing wrong" (Exodus 23:2).
Who acts: ancient Greek thinker, courage, Bible, crowd · What happens: say, do, not follow, spite · To what, where: right thing, spite, crowd, fear · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Owning up when it is hard» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient Greek thinker, courage, Bible, crowd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 thinker | det |
| 2 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 thinker | amod |
| 3 | Greek | Greek | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 thinker | amod |
| 4 | thinker | thinker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 said | nsubj |
| 5 | Aristotle | Aristotle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 doing | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 doing | aux |
| 9 | doing | do | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 said | ccomp |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 thing | det |
| 11 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 thing | amod |
| 12 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 doing | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 spite | case |
| 14 | spite | spite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 doing | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 fear | case |
| 16 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 spite | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 says | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 says | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Bible | det |
| 20 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 says | nsubj |
| 21 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 follow | punct |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 follow | punct |
| 24 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 26 follow | aux |
| 25 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 26 follow | advmod |
| 26 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 says | ccomp |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 crowd | det |
| 28 | crowd | crowd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 follow | obj |
| 29 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 30 doing | mark |
| 30 | doing | do | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 crowd | acl |
| 31 | wrong | wrong | ADV | _ | 30 doing | advmod |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 crowd | punct |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 34 Exodus | punct |
| 34 | Exodus | exodus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 crowd | appos |
| 35 | 23:2 | 23:2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 Exodus | flat |
| 36 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 34 Exodus | punct |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the ancient Greek thinker | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | do | present · progressive | courage | the right thing | spite of fear | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | the Bible | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | not follow in a quote | infinitive · do-support | the crowd | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crowd=Theme | |||||
| 5 | do in a quote | gerund | the crowd not said here | wrong property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | spite | fear | nom spite «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:091-owning-up-when-it-is-hard.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/2/