Olympiad dilemmas: friends, truth and telling, sentence 9
"Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and the oppressed" (Psalm 82:3); if a child is frightened of being hurt at home, a trusted adult needs to know.
Who acts: you, trusted adult · What happens: defend, uphold, oppress, frighten, hurt, need · To what, where: weak, cause, child, home · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad dilemmas: friends, truth and telling» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, trusted adult), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Defend | punct |
| 2 | Defend | defend | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 weak | det |
| 4 | weak | weak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Defend | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 fatherless | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 fatherless | det |
| 7 | fatherless | fatherless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 weak | conj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 uphold | punct |
| 9 | uphold | uphold | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 Defend | conj |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cause | det |
| 11 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 uphold | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 poor | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 poor | det |
| 14 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 cause | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 oppressed | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 oppressed | det |
| 17 | oppressed | oppress | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 poor | conj |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Defend | punct |
| 19 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 20 Psalm | punct |
| 20 | Psalm | Psalm | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Defend | parataxis |
| 21 | 82:3 | 82:3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 Psalm | flat |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 20 Psalm | punct |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 frightened | punct |
| 24 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 28 frightened | mark |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 child | det |
| 26 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 frightened | aux:pass |
| 28 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 needs | advcl |
| 29 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 31 hurt | mark |
| 30 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 hurt | aux:pass |
| 31 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 frightened | advcl |
| 32 | at | at | ADP | _ | 33 home | case |
| 33 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hurt | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 needs | punct |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 adult | det |
| 36 | trusted | trusted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 adult | amod |
| 37 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 needs | nsubj |
| 38 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 Defend | parataxis |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 know | mark |
| 40 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 needs | xcomp |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 Defend | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | defend in a quote | imperative | you not said here | the weak | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | uphold in a quote | infinitive | you not said here | the cause of the poor | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | oppress in a quote | participle | you not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | frighten a condition, not said to happen | present · passive | a child | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | hurt | gerund · passive | home | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | |||||
| 6 | need | present | a trusted adult | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | know not said to happen | to-infinitive | a trusted adult not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:099-olympiad-dilemmas-friends-truth-and-telling.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/99-olympiad-dilemmas-friends-truth-and-telling/9/