Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets, sentence 11

The Oort cloud is a vast shell of icy bodies thought to surround the Solar System, reaching perhaps a quarter of the way to the nearest star; it has never been seen directly, but scientists think it is there because some comets keep falling in from that far away.

Who acts: Oort cloud, scientists, comets · What happens: be, think, surround, reach, not see, keep · To what, where: vast shell, icy bodies, Solar System, quarter, cloud, that · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oort cloud, scientists, comets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cloud	det
2	Oort	Oort	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 cloud	compound
3	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shell	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 shell	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 shell	det
6	vast	vast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 shell	amod
7	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 bodies	case
9	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 bodies	amod
10	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 shell	nmod
11	thought	think	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	10 bodies	acl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 surround	mark
13	surround	surround	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 thought	xcomp
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 System	det
15	Solar	solar	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 System	compound
16	System	System	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 surround	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 reaching	punct
18	reaching	reach	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 surround	advcl
19	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	21 quarter	advmod
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 quarter	det
21	quarter	quarter	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 reaching	obj
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 way	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 way	det
24	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 quarter	nmod
25	to	to	ADP	_	28 star	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 star	det
27	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	28 star	amod
28	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 way	nmod
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 seen	punct
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 seen	nsubj:pass
31	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 seen	aux
32	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	34 seen	advmod
33	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	34 seen	aux:pass
34	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 surround	advcl
35	directly	directly	ADV	_	34 seen	advmod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 think	punct
37	but	but	CCONJ	_	39 think	cc
38	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 think	nsubj
39	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 shell	parataxis
40	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 think	obj
41	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 there	cop
42	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	39 think	ccomp
43	because	because	SCONJ	_	46 keep	mark
44	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	45 comets	det
45	comets	comet	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 keep	nsubj
46	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 think	advcl
47	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	46 keep	xcomp
48	in	in	ADV	_	47 falling	advmod
49	from	from	ADP	_	50 that	case
50	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	47 falling	obl
51	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	52 away	advmod
52	away	away	ADV	_	47 falling	advmod
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 shell	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Oort cloud	a vast shell		of icy bodies	tree rules
2	think speech: other	participle		icy bodies not said here			vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	surround	to-infinitive		the Solar System			vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme system=Co-Theme
4	reach	gerund		a quarter of the way to the nearest star			vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent quarter=Theme
5	not see	present · perfect · passive		cloud		directly property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
6	think speech: other	present	scientists	cloud			vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme
7	is	present				there property	tree rules
8	keep	present	some comets				tree rules
9	fall in	gerund	some comets not said here		that	away property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from that=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:015-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/11/